EvidenceCitations

The Index Behind Our Core IP.

A searchable record of the evidence our products are built on — every entry traceable to where it shaped a design decision.

56 entries · the literature behind our design decisions.

C-001 J. Sandler, E. Pacecca, R. Kennedy, D.R. Bonanno. Normative and correlation data of hip and groin strength in professional male Australian football players. Sport Sciences for Health, 2025. Force C-002 I. Martin-Miguel, E. Torrontegi-Ronco, J. de Dios Martinez-Ortega, A. Moreno-Martin, Z. Montalvo-Zenarruzabeitia. Relative values of maximal isometric strength in lower limbs across different sports disciplines in high-performance athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2025. Force C-003 M. Struska, P.A. Jaresova, M. Hora, C. Wall-Scheffler, T. Michalek, V. Sladek. Impact of relative lower-limb length on heat loss and body temperature during running. American Journal of Biological Anthropology, 2024. Limb Length C-004 W.M.P. Heijboer, K.M. Thijs, A. Weir, A. Serner, J.L. Tol, E.A. Goedhart, F.P. Groot. Normal hip strength and range of motion values in youth and adult female national football teams: data from 504 assessments. Physical Therapy in Sport, 2024. Force C-005 W.M.P. Heijboer, K.M. Thijs, A. Weir, A. Serner, J.L. Tol, E.A. Goedhart, F.P. Groot. Normal hip strength and range of motion values in youth and adult female national football teams: data from 504 assessments. Physical Therapy in Sport, 2024. Range of Motion C-006 B. Cao, J. Wang, W. Shi, X. Lu, K. Zhou. 3D foot anthropometric measurements under two weight-bearing conditions for ergonomic design of foot-related products. International Journal of Morphology, 2023. Limb Length C-007 S. Simon, B. Fischer, A. Rinner, A. Hummer, B.J.H. Frank, J.A. Mitterer, S. Huber, A. Aichmair, G.M. Schwarz, J.G. Hofstaetter. Body height estimation from automated length measurements on standing long leg radiographs using artificial intelligence. Scientific Reports, 2023. Limb Length C-008 M. Banyeh, A.-R. Abdulai, S.O. Shittu, E.E. Osei, E.O. Poku, A.A. Komla. Sex and height estimation using percutaneous ulna and tibia length in a Ghanaian population: new data and a test of published equations. Forensic Science International: Reports, 2022. Limb Length C-009 H. Yum, H. Kim, T. Lee, M.S. Park, S.Y. Lee. Cycling kinematics in healthy adults for musculoskeletal rehabilitation guidance. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2021. Range of Motion C-010 C.N. Vannatta, T.W. Kernozek. Normative measures of hip strength and relation to previous injury in collegiate cross-country runners. Journal of Athletic Training, 2021. Force C-011 S.A. Aitken. Normative values for femoral length, tibial length, and the femorotibial ratio in adults using standing full-length radiography. Osteology, 2021. Limb Length C-012 G. Vinicius da Costa, M. Peduzzi de Castro, C. Gomes Sanchotene, D. Cury Ribeiro, H. de Brito Fontana, C. Ruschel. Relationship between passive ankle dorsiflexion range, dynamic ankle dorsiflexion range and lower limb and trunk kinematics during the single-leg squat. Gait & Posture, 2021. Range of Motion C-013 S. Kim, M. Miller, A. Tallarico, S. Helder, Y. Liu, S. Lee. Relationships between physical characteristics and biomechanics of lower extremity during the squat. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 2021. Limb Length C-014 J.A. Pasco, A.L. Stuart, K.L. Holloway-Kew, M.C. Tembo, S.X. Sui, K.B. Anderson, N.K. Hyde, L.J. Williams, M.A. Kotowicz. Lower-limb muscle strength: normative data from an observational population-based study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2020. Force C-015 S.T. Abu El Kasem, S.M. Aly, E.M. Kamel, H.M. Hussein. Normal active range of motion of lower extremity joints of the healthy young adults in Cairo, Egypt. Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy, 2020. Range of Motion C-016 N. Imai, K. Funayama, H. Suzuki, K. Tsuchiya, A. Nozaki, I. Minato, D. Miyasaka, N. Endo. Stature estimation formulae based on bony pelvic dimensions and femoral length. HOMO - Journal of Comparative Human Biology, 2020. Limb Length C-017 G. Saco-Ledo, J. Porta, I. Duyar, A. Mateos. Stature estimation based on tibial length in different stature groups of Spanish males. Forensic Science International, 2019. Limb Length C-018 I.O. de Oliveira, B. Pilz, R.L.G. Santos Junior, R.A. Vasconcelos, W. Mello, D.B. Grossi. Reference values and reliability for lumbopelvic strength and endurance in asymptomatic subjects. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, 2018. Force C-019 F. Chiba, Y. Makino, S. Torimitsu, A. Motomura, G. Inokuchi, N. Ishii, Y. Hoshioka, H. Abe, R. Yamaguchi, A. Sakuma, S. Nagasawa, H. Saito, D. Yajima, Y. Fukui, H. Iwase. Stature estimation based on femoral measurements in the modern Japanese population: a cadaveric study using multidetector computed tomography. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 2018. Limb Length C-020 A. Menendez Garmendia, G. Sanchez-Mejorada, J.A. Gomez-Valdes. Stature estimation formulae for Mexican contemporary population: a sample based study of long bones. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 2018. Limb Length C-021 S.-C. Jee, S. Kwon, M.H. Yun. Analysis of stature prediction from foot anthropometry: a South Korean case study. Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2017. Limb Length C-022 E. Gomez Aguilar, A. Gomez Dominguez, C. Pena-Algaba, J.M. Castillo-Lopez. Distance between the malleoli and the ground: a new clinical method to measure leg-length discrepancy. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 2017. Limb Length C-023 M.J. McKay, J.N. Baldwin, P. Ferreira, M. Simic, N. Vanicek, J. Burns. Normative reference values for strength and flexibility of 1,000 children and adults. Neurology, 2017. Force C-024 S. Chester, A. Zucker-Levin, D.A. Melcher, S.A. Peel, R.J. Bloomer, M.R. Paquette. Lower limb kinematics and metabolic cost during elliptical exercises and treadmill running. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 2016. Range of Motion C-025 M.R. Paquette, A. Zucker-Levin, P. DeVita, J. Hoekstra, D. Pearsall. Lower limb joint angular position and muscle activity during elliptical exercise in healthy young men. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 2015. Range of Motion C-026 H. Hallaceli, V. Uruc, H.H. Uysal, R. Ozden, C. Hallaceli, F. Soyuer, T. Ince Parpucu, E. Yengil, U. Cavlak. Normal hip, knee and ankle range of motion in the Turkish population. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica, 2014. Range of Motion C-027 R.K.W. Douma, R. Soer, W.P. Krijnen, M. Reneman, C.P. van der Schans. Reference values for isometric muscle force among workers for the Netherlands: a comparison of reference values. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2014. Force C-028 L.T. Hoglund, A.L.K. Wong, C. Rickards. The impact of sagittal plane hip position on isometric force of hip external rotator and internal rotator muscles in healthy young adults. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 2014. Force C-029 F. Giurazza, R. Del Vescovo, E. Schena, S. Battisti, R.L. Cazzato, F.R. Grasso, S. Silvestri, V. Denaro, B. Beomonte Zobel. Determination of stature from skeletal and skull measurements by CT scan evaluation. Forensic Science International, 2012. Limb Length C-030 N.A. Schwarz, J.E. Kovaleski, R.J. Heitman, L.R. Gurchiek, C. Gubler-Hanna. Arthrometric measurement of ankle-complex motion: normative values. Journal of Athletic Training, 2011. Range of Motion C-031 S. Kumar, R. Sharma, D. Gulati, I.K. Dhammi, A.N. Aggarwal. Normal range of motion of hip and ankle in Indian population. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica, 2011. Range of Motion C-032 J.M. Soucie, C. Wang, A. Forsyth, S. Funk, M. Denny, K.E. Roach, D. Boone; Hemophilia Treatment Center Network. Range of motion measurements: reference values and a database for comparison studies. Haemophilia, 2011. Range of Motion C-033 P. Mahakkanukrauh, P. Khanpetch, S. Prasitwattanseree, K. Vichairat, D.T. Case. Stature estimation from long bone lengths in a Thai population. Forensic Science International, 2011. Limb Length C-034 I. Hasegawa, K. Uenishi, T. Fukunaga, R. Kimura, M. Osawa. Stature estimation formulae from radiographically determined limb bone length in a modern Japanese population. Legal Medicine, 2009. Limb Length C-035 G. Zeybek, I. Ergur, Z. Demiroglu. Stature and gender estimation using foot measurements. Forensic Science International, 2008. Limb Length C-036 M.R. Dayal, M. Steyn, K.L. Kuykendall. Stature estimation from bones of South African whites. South African Journal of Science, 2008. Limb Length C-037 N. Sarajlic, Z. Cihlarz. Diverse stature estimation formulae applied to a Bosnian population. Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 2007. Limb Length C-038 V. Petrovecki, D. Mayer, M. Slaus, D. Strinovic, J. Skavic. Prediction of stature based on radiographic measurements of cadaver long bones: a study of the Croatian population. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2007. Limb Length C-039 I. Duyar, C. Pelin. Body height estimation based on tibia length in different stature groups. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2003. Limb Length C-040 M.C. de Mendonca. Estimation of height from the length of long bones in a Portuguese adult population. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2000. Limb Length C-041 T. Stoll, E. Huber, B. Seifert, B.A. Michel, G. Stucki. Maximal isometric muscle strength: normative values and gender-specific relation to age. Clinical Rheumatology, 2000. Force C-042 B.A. Phillips, S.K. Lo, F.L. Mastaglia. Muscle force measured using 'break' testing with a hand-held myometer in normal subjects aged 20 to 69 years. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2000. Force C-043 B.Y. Choi, Y.M. Chae, I.H. Chung, H.S. Kang. Correlation between the postmortem stature and the dried limb-bone lengths of Korean adult males. Yonsei Medical Journal, 1997. Limb Length C-044 W. Strecker, P. Keppler, F. Gebhard, L. Kinzl. Length and torsion of the lower limb. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (British Volume), 1997. Limb Length C-045 Richard W. Bohannon. Reference values for extremity muscle strength obtained by hand-held dynamometry from adults aged 20 to 79 years. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 1997. Force C-046 National Isometric Muscle Strength (NIMS) Database Consortium. Muscular weakness assessment: use of normal isometric strength data. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 1996. Force C-047 A.W. Andrews, M.W. Thomas, R.W. Bohannon. Normative values for isometric muscle force measurements obtained with hand-held dynamometers. Physical Therapy, 1996. Force C-048 E. Backman, V. Johansson, B. Hager, P. Sjoblom, K.G. Henriksson. Isometric muscle strength and muscular endurance in normal persons aged between 17 and 70 years. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 1995. Force C-049 D.L. Paris, S.J. Sullivan. Isometric strength of rearfoot inversion and eversion in nonsupported, taped, and braced ankles assessed by a hand-held dynamometer. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 1992. Force C-050 R.J.O. van der Ploeg, V. Fidler, H.J.G.H. Oosterhuis. Hand-held myometry: reference values. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 1991. Force C-051 K.E. Roach, T.P. Miles. Normal hip and knee active range of motion: the relationship to age. Physical Therapy, 1991. Range of Motion C-052 M.O. Ericson, R. Nisell, G. Nemeth. Joint motions of the lower limb during ergometer cycling. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 1988. Range of Motion C-053 R.M. White. Comparative anthropometry of the foot (Technical Report NATICK/TR-83/010). U.S. Army Natick Research & Development Laboratories, 1982. Limb Length C-054 A. Roaas, G.B.J. Andersson. Normal range of motion of the hip, knee and ankle joints in male subjects, 30-40 years of age. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 1982. Range of Motion C-055 M. Trotter, G.C. Gleser. Estimation of stature from long bones of American whites and Negroes. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 1952. Limb Length C-056 J.W. Pick, J.K. Stack, B.J. Anson. Measurements on the human femur: I. Lengths, diameters and angles. Quarterly Bulletin of Northwestern University Medical School, 1941. Limb Length
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